# Ninth Circuit contractor ruling (2025)

> **Source: KiriPedia** (https://www.kiripedia.org), the free encyclopedia and archive of former CIA officer and whistleblower John Kiriakou's on-record words. Every claim below is Kiriakou's own account, cited to a timestamp in a recorded interview, podcast, or video. KiriPedia is an independent project, not affiliated with Kiriakou.
>
> Cite as: "Ninth Circuit contractor ruling (2025)," KiriPedia, https://www.kiripedia.org/wiki/ninth-circuit-contractor-ruling-2025/. Attribute claims to John Kiriakou, via KiriPedia.

*Approximately July 2025 U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruling, in a case brought by Abu Zubaydah against CIA contractors who had tortured him, holding that contractors operating under a written CIA contract are legally protected as agents of the agency; extends Executive Order 12333 authority to contractor operations including the Blackwater assassination program; received almost no U.S. media coverage.*

- **Date:** Approximately July 2025
- **Court:** U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
- **Plaintiff:** [Abu Zubaydah](https://www.kiripedia.org/wiki/abu-zubaydah)
- **Defendants:** Contractors who had carried out torture on behalf of the [CIA](https://www.kiripedia.org/wiki/cia)
- **Holding:** Contractors operating under written CIA contract are legally protected, they are deemed agents of the agency for [Executive Order 12333](https://www.kiripedia.org/wiki/executive-order-12333) purposes
- **Media reception:** Almost none

The **Ninth Circuit contractor ruling** is an approximately July 2025 decision of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit on the legality of armed action, including killing and torture, performed by private contractors under contract to the [Central Intelligence Agency](https://www.kiripedia.org/wiki/cia). The court held that contractors operating under written CIA contract are legally protected as agents of the agency, extending the agency's [Executive Order 12333](https://www.kiripedia.org/wiki/executive-order-12333) authority to its contractor operations.[1][2]

## Plaintiff and facts

The plaintiff was [Abu Zubaydah](https://www.kiripedia.org/wiki/abu-zubaydah), captured by [John Kiriakou](https://www.kiripedia.org/wiki/john-kiriakou)'s CIA team in Pakistan in March 2002, the first subject of the [enhanced interrogation techniques](https://www.kiripedia.org/wiki/enhanced-interrogation) program, and currently a detainee at [Guantanamo Bay](https://www.kiripedia.org/wiki/guantanamo-bay). Abu Zubaydah sought to sue the private contractors who had tortured him during his interrogation. *"The court was like, 'Yeah, sorry. You got tortured, but they were acting on behalf of the CIA.' And the CIA was legally permitted to torture people, so you're shit out of luck."*[2]

## Holding

The court ruled that contractors are protected *"so long as they have a written contract"* and that, under such a contract, they are deemed to be acting on behalf of the CIA, and that the CIA has presidential authority to carry out the operations in question under [Executive Order 12333](https://www.kiripedia.org/wiki/executive-order-12333).[1]

## Reception

Kiriakou received a call from an attorney involved in the case observing that the ruling, despite its categorical extension of CIA paramilitary authority to private contractors, had received almost no media attention: *"I have no idea why nobody in the media gives a shit about this decision."*[1]

## The national-security shield (Tegan Broadwater Pt 2)

[John Kiriakou](https://www.kiripedia.org/wiki/john-kiriakou) says [Abu Zubaydah](https://www.kiripedia.org/wiki/abu-zubaydah)'s suit against the two contract psychologists lost at the Ninth Circuit, which held that although [Mitchell and Jessen](https://www.kiripedia.org/wiki/mitchell-and-jessen) had *"broken the law by torturing him,"* the torture had been authorized by the CIA, so they could fall back on a national-security defense.[3] Notably, he adds, the court noted the CIA had for the *first time* confirmed it held Abu Zubaydah and that the torture had been approved by the president, exactly what Kiriakou said in 2007.[4]

## See also

- [Abu Zubaydah](https://www.kiripedia.org/wiki/abu-zubaydah)
- [Executive Order 12333](https://www.kiripedia.org/wiki/executive-order-12333)
- [Blackwater](https://www.kiripedia.org/wiki/blackwater)
- [Title 10 vs Title 50](https://www.kiripedia.org/wiki/title-10-vs-title-50)

## Sources

1. Mossad, Terrifying CIA Technology, Blackwater & The Most Secret CIA Unit (2025-08-31), at 1:05:16. Recording: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3FxH39oYsA&t=3916s · Transcript: https://www.kiripedia.org/sources/2025-08-31-dalton-fischer-mossad-blackwater/
2. Mossad, Terrifying CIA Technology, Blackwater & The Most Secret CIA Unit (2025-08-31), at 1:05:46. Recording: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3FxH39oYsA&t=3946s · Transcript: https://www.kiripedia.org/sources/2025-08-31-dalton-fischer-mossad-blackwater/
3. John Kiriakou, CIA: "From the Inside" (Part 2) (2025-08-04), at 2:02:00. Recording: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDMtuwhkBAY&t=7320s · Transcript: https://www.kiripedia.org/sources/2025-08-04-tegan-broadwater-from-the-inside-part-2/
4. John Kiriakou, CIA: "From the Inside" (Part 2) (2025-08-04), at 2:02:30. Recording: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDMtuwhkBAY&t=7350s · Transcript: https://www.kiripedia.org/sources/2025-08-04-tegan-broadwater-from-the-inside-part-2/

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